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Isabelle Eberhardt (17 February 1877 – 21 October 1904) was a Swiss explorer and writer. She was educated in Switzerland by her father, who was a tutor, and published short stories under a male pseudonym as a teenager. She took an interest in North Africa and wrote about the area with "remarkable insight and knowledge" despite having only heard about it via correspondence. Upon invitation Eberhardt relocated to Algeria in May 1897, where she dressed as a man and converted to Islam, eventually adopting the name Si Mahmoud Saadi. Eberhardt's unorthodox behaviour made her a social pariah from both the European settlers in Algeria and the French administration. Eberhardt was accepted into the Qadiriyya, which convinced the French administration that she was either a spy or an agitator. She survived an assassination attempt shortly thereafter. In 1901 she was ordered to leave Algeria by the French administration though was allowed to return the following year after she married her long-time parter Slimane Ehnni, an Algerian soldier. After returning to Algeria she found employment at a newspaper and also worked for General Hubert Lyautey. In 1904 she was killed in a flash flood in Aïn Sefra at the age of 27. The majority of her writings, which found critical acclaim, were not published until after her death. Anti-colonialism was a regular theme of her writings. ==Early life and family background== Eberhardt was born in Geneva, Switzerland, to Alexandre Trophimowsky, an anarchist, tutor and former Orthodox priest turned atheist,〔 and Nathalie Moerder (née Eberhardt), who was the illegitimate daughter of a middle-class Lutheran German and a Russian Jew. Nathalie had married a widower, General Pavel de Moerder, who was forty years older than she was, and the general had hired Trophimowsky to tutor his and Nathalie's two children, Nicolas and Vladimir. Eventually, Nathalie took their children and left her husband for Trophimowsky, who had a wife and family that he likewise deserted. After eventually settling in Geneva in either late 1871 or early 1872 Nathalie gave birth to a son, Augustin; de Moerder recognised the son as his own. However, the older siblings believed Trophimowsky was the child's father. General de Moerder died several months later. The family remained in Switzerland and, four years later, Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt was born, but registered as Nathalie's illegitimate daughter to avoid acknowledging the tutor's paternity.〔 Isabelle was well educated; all of the children in the family were home schooled by Trophimowsky, although forbidden to learn anything he had not approved.〔Blanch, Lesley. The Wilder Shores of Love. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club. 1954, 1995.〕 Isabelle was fluent in French and spoke Russian, German and Italian.〔 She also was taught Latin, Greek, and classical Arabic. She would read the Koran with her father, and she later became fluent in Arabic.〔Review by Eve Auchincloss of The Life of Isabelle Eberhardt By Annette Kobak Knopf. Washington Post, 21 May 1989〕 From an early age she dressed and disguised herself as a boy or man in order to enjoy the greater freedom this allowed her.〔Kobak, Annette, ''Isabelle: The Life of Isabelle Eberhardt''. London: Chatto & Windus; New York City: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988; London: Virago Classic, 1998.〕 Her father did not discourage this, as he had come to believe in nonconformity in general.〔 Isabelle's first published work was the short story "Infernalia" in the journal ''La Nouvelle Revue Moderne'' in 1895, under the male pseudonym Nicolas Podolinsky. The story was about a medical student's physical attraction to a woman's corpse. The following year she wrote the short story "Per fas et nefas", which focused on the theme of male homosexuality. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isabelle Eberhardt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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